Product Description Reef Calcium™ is a concentrated (50,000 mg/L) bioavailable polygluconate complexed calcium intended to maintain calcium in the reef aquarium without altering pH. Additionally, polygluconate contains no nitrogen or phosphorous, thus it is biologically impossible for it to lead to algae growth in a properly maintained reef system. Polygluconate complexation confers several benefits: it increases the bioavailability of the calcium, it provides a rich source of metabolic energy to help maintain peak coral growth, and it prevents calcium precipitation/alkalinity depletion. Reef Calcium™ utilizes a chained organic calcium rather than an ionic calcium. When a coral absorbs a molecule into its tissue, it uses the same amount of energy regardless of molecular size. However, charged molecules require more energy. When an uncharged molecule of Reef Calcium™ is absorbed, the coral acquires multiple calcium atoms as well as an easily metabolized carbohydrate with less energy expended than it uses for ionic calcium uptake. Therefore, at lower calcium levels, corals can still take in as much calcium through our organic chains as they would at much higher levels of ionic calcium. Reef Calcium™ may be used alone to maintain calcium but will provide enhanced levels of coral growth when used in conjunction with an ionic calcium supplement (Reef Complete®, Reef Advantage Calcium™). Reef Calcium™ is intended to maintain calcium levels; if calcium becomes seriously depleted one should either perform a water change or use an ionic calcium supplement to restore the depleted level of calcium. Sizes: 100 mL, 250 mL, 500 mL, 4 L

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Product Description Plant Pack™: Fundamentals is an excellent pack for beginning aquatic gardeners. It contains Flourish®, Flourish Iron™, Flourish Excel™. Flourish® Flourish® is a growth stimulator for aquarium plant stems and leaves. It contains a broad spectrum of essential trace elements, vitamins, and amino acids. Flourish® is rich in gluconate iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, potassium, inositol, choline B12, biotin, and other factors that have been determined to be beneficial to aquatic plants. Flourish Iron™ Flourish Iron™ is a companion product to Flourish® and Flourish Tabs™. It is a complexed ferrous (Fe+2) iron product which contains 10,000 mg/L of iron and is ideal for iron maintenance in the natural planted aquarium. Plants can utilize both ferric (Fe+3) and ferrous (Fe+2) iron, although they prefer ferrous iron when available. Flourish Excel™ Flourish Excel™ is a simple source of readily available organic carbon. All plants require a source of carbon. This is typically obtained from CO2, but, may also be obtained via relatively simple organic compounds (such as photosynthetic intermediates). Since both processes occur simultaneously one can derive a substantial benefit with the use of Flourish Excel™ either alone or in conjunction with CO2 injection.

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Product Description Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) are the three main macro nutrients required by plants and can often become the limiting factor to growth in a flourishing system. Plant Pack Enhancer: NPK combines Flourish Nitrogen™, Flourish Phosphorus™, and Flourish Potassium™ in one pack. Flourish Nitrogen™ Flourish Nitrogen™ is a concentrated (15,000 mg/L) blend of nitrogen sources. It provides nitrogen in both the nitrate form and the plant-preferred ammonium form. However, no free ammonia is released because the ammonium in Flourish Nitrogen™ is complexed and unavailable until utilized by the plants. Flourish Nitrogen™ also provides nitrate for those plants that can readily utilize nitrate as well. Flourish Phosphorus™ Flourish Phosphorus™ is a safe solution of potassium phosphate that takes the guess work out phosphate dosing. Unlike competing products that mix nitrate and phosphate in a fixed ratio, Flourish Phosphorus™ (being nitrate free) allows you to dose phosphorus according to the needs of your plants without the risk of overdosing nitrates. Likewise, because Flourish Nitrogen™ is phosphate free you can use both products together to target exactly the ideal amounts of each for your system. Flourish Potassium™ Flourish Potassium™ contains 40,000 mg/L of potassium suitable for the natural freshwater aquarium. Potassium is an important element that is needed by all plants. In a thriving planted aquarium it can become the limiting factor to growth if it is depleted.

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Product Description Neutral Regulator® adjusts pH to neutral (pH 7.0) from either a low or high pH and maintains it there. It softens water by precipitating calcium and magnesium while removing any chlorine, chloramine, and detoxifying ammonia. The use of Neutral Regulator® makes other conditioning unnecessary. To lower pH below 7.0 use Neutral Regulator® with Acid Regulator™ (or Discus Buffer®). To raise pH above 7.0 use with Alkaline Regulator™. All of these products will enhance and stabilize the freshwater aquarium environment. For further freshwater environment enhancement, use Fresh Trace™ to restore the proper level of trace elements and feed NutriDiet® Tropical Flakes for thriving, healthy freshwater community fish. Contains phosphate buffers and conditioning agents. Safe for all freshwater fish acclimated to neutral pH. Use 5 g (1 level teaspoon) for every 40–80 L (10–20 US gallons) once or twice a month (or as necessary to maintain a pH of 7.0.) Neutral Regulator® may be be initially used daily in cases of high alkalinity until 7.0 is established. It may be added directly to the aquarium at any time. Ideally, it should be used when adding or changing water by dissolving in the replacement water. For precise dosing, use the Seachem Digital Spoon Scale.

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Product Description MatrixCarbon™ is a truly unique activated carbon. It is formed as a spherical bead for optimum hydrodynamics, and will not pack. It permits maximum water flow and contact with its high density of macroporous binding sites. MatrixCarbon™ has a very low ash content as indicated by its minimal impact on pH. Even when added to distilled water, it does not raise pH above 7.0. While all carbons contain phosphate, regardless of false claims to the contrary, MatrixCarbon™ has the lowest detectable leachable phosphate content of all major carbon brands tested. MatrixCarbon™ outperforms other high grade carbons by at least two-fold when compared for total capacity to remove aquarium organic matter, rate of adsorption, and duration of use. While carbon is generally considered to be a chemical filter, that is not precisely true. It is in fact a mechanical filter as well, but it is only capable of mechanically filtering objects of molecular size. It functions through extremely small cracks and crevices, called macropores and micropores. Microporous carbons remove primarily metals and smaller ions (like trace minerals) and are best suited to air filtration, while macroporous carbons remove primarily larger organic molecules (like nitrogenous waste) and are best suited to water filtration. The ingredients from which a carbon is manufactured determine whether it will be macro- or microporous. Carbons made from coconut shell and other organic products form microporous carbons, while carbons made from bituminous coal form macroporous carbons. MatrixCarbon™ is a bituminous coal-based, macroporous carbon. It is the only spherical carbon on the market, allowing for maximum water flow. It is sized to allow full penetration by water, but not small enough to escape filter bags. All carbons contain phosphate. However, that phosphate DOES NOT come from washing the carbon with phosphoric acid. Most carbons are washed with sulfuric acid. The phosphate is contained in the ash from the carbon source. The main purpose of acid-washing is to remove ash. Because of MatrixCarbon’s™ hydrodynamic properties, more ash is washed from our carbon than any other. Therefore, it has the lowest leachable phosphate on the market.

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Product Description Malawi/Victoria Buffer™ is a blend of carbonate salts designed to enhance the natural environment of cichlids by increasing carbonate hardness, buffer capacity, and pH. It is formulated to maintain a pH of 7.8–8.4. For optimum replication of the Malawi/Victoria Lake environment, use with Cichlid Lake Salt™, Cichlid Trace™, and NutriDiet® Cichlid Flakes. Use 6 g (one level teaspoon) for each 40 to 80 L (10 to 20 US gallons) of water each day until desired pH is attained and maintained. Thereafter, use as required to maintain pH, usually no more than once every two to three weeks. For precise dosing, use the Seachem Digital Spoon Scale. TIPS: It is best to dissolve the buffer in freshwater before use. Use when setting up an aquarium or making water changes (preferably after the addition of Seachem’s Cichlid Lake Salt™) and between water changes as needed to maintain pH. Seachem’s Malawi/Victoria Buffer™ is formulated to maintain a pH between 7.8 and 8.4, depending on the amount used. To attain a lower pH than 7.8, you may use Seachem’s Acid Buffer™ in combination with Malawi/Victoria Buffer™. To attain a higher pH than 8.4, use Tanganyika Buffer™.

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Product Description Flourite® Red is a specially fracted stable porous clay gravel for the natural planted aquarium. Its appearance is best suited to planted aquaria, but may be used in any freshwater aquarium environment. Flourite® Red is most effective when used alone as an integral substrate bed, but it may be mixed with other gravels. Gravel modifiers such as laterite are not necessary. Flourite® Red is not chemically coated or treated and will not alter the pH of the water. Flourite® Red is good for the life of the aquarium and need not be replaced. Set-up Although it is pre-washed, because Flourite® Red is a natural product, it may become dusty in transit and require rinsing before use to remove any residual dust. When adding water to aquarium, fill slowly to avoid disturbing Flourite® Red substrate bed. Place a bowl in the aquarium and add water directly to the bowl, allowing water to overflow softly on to the gravel bed. Initial cloudiness is normal. To remove cloudiness, use mechanical filtration (such as filter floss). Use Clarity™ to accelerate clearing.

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Product Description Flourite® is a specially fracted stable porous clay gravel for the natural planted aquarium. Its appearance is best suited to planted aquaria, but may be used in any freshwater aquarium environment. Flourite® is most effective when used alone as an integral substrate bed, but it may be mixed with other gravels. Gravel modifiers such as laterite are not necessary. Flourite® is not chemically coated or treated and will not alter the pH of the water. Flourite® is good for the life of the aquarium and need not be replaced. Set-up Although it is pre-washed, because Flourite® is a natural product, it may become dusty in transit and require rinsing before use to remove any residual dust. When adding water to aquarium, fill slowly to avoid disturbing Flourite® substrate bed. Place a bowl in the aquarium and add water directly to the bowl, allowing water to overflow softly on to the gravel bed. Initial cloudiness is normal. To remove cloudiness, use mechanical filtration (such as filter floss). Use Clarity™ to accelerate clearing.

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Product Description Flourish Tabs™ are growth stimulating tablets for plant roots. They contain essential trace elements, amino acids, and vitamins. They are rich in iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, potassium, inositol, choline B12, biotin, and other factors that have been determined to be beneficial to aquatic plant roots. They contain no phosphate or nitrate that would promote algae proliferation. Each pack of ten tablets treats a 12 X 30 inch plant bed twice. Perfect for the beginner, Flourish Tabs™ contain all the nutrients found in Flourish® in a dry, tabular form. These tabs are inserted into the gravel, providing direct, time-released fertilization to the plants’ root zone. Nutrients are slowly made available through enzymatic action of the plants’ roots on the tabs. Sizes: 10 count, 40 count Guaranteed Analysis: Soluble Potassium (K2O) 5.8%

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Product Description Phosphorus is one of the main three macro nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium: NPK) required by plants and can often become the limiting factor to growth in a flourishing system. Flourish Phosphorus™ is a safe solution (4,500 mg/L phosphate) of potassium phosphate that takes the guess work out of phosphate dosing. Unlike competing products that mix nitrate and phosphate in a fixed ratio, Flourish Phosphorus™ (being nitrate free) allows you to dose phosphorus according to the needs of your plants without the risk of overdosing nitrates. When used as directed, Flourish Phosphorus™will enhance and accelerate the growth of aquatic plants without enhancing algae growth. For maximum benefit, use with Flourish Nitrogen™ and Flourish Potassium™. Flourish Phosphorus™ is safe for invertebrates such as shrimp. Beginner Use 2.5 mL (half a cap) for each 80 L (20 US gallons) once or twice a week or as needed in response to signs of phosphorus deficiency (e.g. stunted growth, plant dark green). Expert The beginner dose raises phosphorus by 0.05 mg/L (0.15 mg/L phosphate). The ideal phosphate level will vary, but generally ranges from 0.15–1.0 mg/L. Use MultiTest™ Phosphate to monitor phosphate levels. To target a specific phosphate increase, dose according to the following formula: 0.8vp=m, where v= volume of tank in gallons, p=desired phosphate increase and m=volume of product to use in mL. For example to raise 20 gallons to 0.1 mg/L phosphate you would use: 0.8*20*0.1=1.6 mL.

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Product Description Nitrogen is one of the main three macro nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium: NPK) required by plants and can often become the limiting factor to growth in a flourishing system. Flourish Nitrogen™ is a concentrated (15,000 mg/L) blend of nitrogen sources. It provides nitrogen in both the nitrate form and the plant–preferred ammonium form. However, no free ammonia is released because the ammonium in Flourish Nitrogen™ is complexed and unavailable until utilized by the plants. Ammonium becomes available after conversion of urea (carbamide). Flourish Nitrogen™ also provides nitrate for those plants that can readily utilize nitrate as well. For maximum benefit, use with Flourish Phosphorus™ and Flourish Potassium™. Flourish Nitrogen™ is safe for invertebrates such as shrimp. Beginner Use 2.5 mL (half a cap) for each 160 L (40 US gallons) twice a week or as needed in response to signs of nitrogen deficiency (e.g. stunted growth, chlorosis). For smaller doses, please note that each cap thread is approximately 1 mL. Expert The beginner dose raises nitrogen by the same degree that 1 mg/L nitrate would. This dose is sufficient to provide approximately 4 g of growth (dry) or about 20 g (hydrated) over a 1 month period (assuming all other necessary nutrients are provided). For increased growth use proportionately more. To target a specific nitrogen increase, dose according to the following formula: 0.25vn=m, where v= volume of tank in gallons, n=desired nitrogen increase (if using a “nitrate equivalent” value for “n” then use a factor of 0.05 instead of 0.25 in the formula) and m=volume of product to use in mL. For example to raise 20 gallons by 0.20 mg/L nitrogen you would use: 0.25*20*0.20=1 mL. Because one-half of the nitrogen in Flourish Nitrogen™ is from nitrate you can get a reasonable estimate of nitrogen levels by doubling a nitrate reading.

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Product Description Iron is immobile in plants. This means that plants cannot divert iron from older leaves to new ones. Therefore, deficiency symptoms appear first on new or young leaves. Because plants use iron to produce chlorophyll, a lack of iron results in chlorosis, or yellowing, of the younger leaves. Stems may also appear short and slender. If the deficiency is severe and prolonged, each new leaf emerges lighter in color than the preceding leaf. When choosing an iron supplement, it is important to know the distinction between the two forms of iron. The iron will be in one of two oxidation states: ferrous having a +2 charge, or ferric having a +3 charge. Ferrous iron, the preferred iron form and is soluble in water at any pH. Ferric iron, however, is only soluble below a pH of around 5.5; but if the pH is higher than 5.5, which more than likely it will be in a planted aquarium, the ferric iron will become insoluble and precipitate, settling in the root zone. Once this occurs, foliar absorbtion becomes impossible. To overcome this precipitation, competing products employ a chelate of ferric iron: iron-EDTA. While this does keep it soluble, it has a couple of drawbacks with respect to foliar uptake of iron. (1) Iron-EDTA bonding is very strong, thus very little of the iron will be available to the plants over a given time frame and (2) Physiological energy must be expended by the plant in order to extract the ferric iron from EDTA-iron and then convert (reduce) it to the ferrous form. Our approach is different in that we use a complex (not chelate) of ferrous iron in Flourish Iron™. Flourish Iron™ is a highly concentrated (10,000 mg/L) ferrous iron gluconate supplement. Plants are able to much more easily derive a benefit from Flourish Iron™ because ferrous iron gluconate is already in the ferrous form so they do not expend energy reducing it. Despite what other manufacturers may intimate, gluconate is not harmful to plants or fish. In fact, ferrous gluconate is better suited to foliar feeding than is iron-EDTA owing to the relatively weaker iron-gluconate bonding vs. iron-EDTA bonding. In addition, ferrous gluconate has the added bonus of being a source of carbon. Directions Use 1 capful (5 mL) for each 200 L (50 US gallons) or as required to maintain about 0.10 mg/L iron. For smaller doses please note that each cap thread is about 1 mL. Use MultiTest™ Iron test kit to monitor iron concentrations. Due to rapid utilization, test within 30 minutes. Use as needed to combat signs of iron deficiency (usually seen in new growth) which include: chlorosis (yellowing) of tissue between veins and short and slender stems.

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